![]() Mulvey contends that a psychoanalytic reading can be employed to understand and correct these wrongdoings and thus can be seen as a "political weapon" (803). ![]() Therefore, woman is conceived of symbolically as both jealously lacking, and as fertile mother, but she is not presented as a legitimate character with agency and verbal expression. Furthermore, Mulvey argues, the phallus has no power or presence without her, as her very lack signifies its presence. She describes this problematic positioning of women in cinema, wherein a phallocentric, patriarchal, and straight erotic tradition in film has led to the female characters as symbols of lack-castrated by a male viewership who both desire and fear their distinctly non-male capaciousness and substance. ![]() Mulvey begins the essay by stating how films perpetuate “pre-existing patterns of fascination already at work within the individual subject,” and notes how they play on and reveal erotic ways of looking that reify sexual difference and hegemonic, sexist tropes (803).
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